Sensory information from the body that is conveyed through spinal nerves will project to the opposite side of the brain to be processed by the cerebral cortex. The sensory fibers connect to the spinal cord through the dorsal root, which is attached to the dorsal root ganglion. Spinal nerves have mixed populations of fibers some are motor fibers and some are sensory. The nerves that convey sensory information from the periphery to the CNS are either spinal nerves, connected to the spinal cord, or cranial nerves, connected to the brain.
Thermoreceptors are sensitive to temperature changes, and photoreceptors are sensitive to light energy. Mechanoreceptors respond to mechanical stimuli and are the basis for most aspects of somatosensation, as well as being the basis of audition and equilibrium in the inner ear. Related to chemoreceptors are osmoreceptors and nociceptors for fluid balance and pain reception, respectively. Chemoreceptors respond to chemical stimuli and are the basis for olfaction and gustation. Thirdly, the functional classification is based on how the cell transduces the stimulus into a neural signal. The structural classifications are either based on the anatomy of the cell that is interacting with the stimulus (free nerve endings, encapsulated endings, or specialized receptor cell), or where the cell is located relative to the stimulus (interoceptor, exteroceptor, proprioceptor). The cells that transduce sensory stimuli into the electrochemical signals of the nervous system are classified on the basis of structural or functional aspects of the cells. The general senses also include the visceral senses, which are separate from the somatic nervous system function in that they do not normally rise to the level of conscious perception. The general senses can be divided into somatosensation, which is commonly considered touch, but includes tactile, pressure, vibration, temperature, and pain perception.
The special senses are all primarily part of the somatic nervous system in that they are consciously perceived through cerebral processes, though some special senses contribute to autonomic function. Somatosensation belongs to the general senses, which are those sensory structures that are distributed throughout the body and in the walls of various organs. With the exception of somatosensation, this list represents the special senses, or those systems of the body that are associated with specific organs such as the tongue or eye.
#The somatic nervous system is skin
The senses are olfaction (smell), gustation (taste), somatosensation (sensations associated with the skin and body), audition (hearing), equilibrium (balance), and vision.
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